Speed-indicator.



W. SCHRMANN. SPEED INDICATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 5, 1912.

1 ,073,443. Patented Sept. 16, 1913` 2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

@e G) e W. SCHURMANN.

SPEED INDICATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 5,1912.

1,073,443. Patented sept. 16,1913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

4novel .'onstrnetion of the tly, whereby its NlTED STATE@ WALTER SCHRMANN, 0F DUSSELDORF, GERMANY.

SPEED-INDICTOR.

Specicatioa of Letters Patent. Patented Sept. 16.1913.

Application filed .'.fuly 5,1912. Serial No. 7072*!51.

T0 all IJ/"zona, i may conce/n Be it know n that I, lliiL'rnn SCHRMANN, a citizen of the Empire ot Germany, residing at Dusseldorf, in the lllmpire ot Germany. have invented a new and useful Fpeed-lndieatort of which the 'following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in speedindicatorsg in which the motion ot' a driven part is transmitted to an indicator by means. of a medium, for instance air, inclosed in a vessel.

The chief improvement consiste in that the driven part is a hollow cylindrical drum provided with radial ribs on the inside of the bottoni, the side wall and the cover tor taking along with them the medium, and in that the indicator is hy its shalt connected with a fly concentric with the drinn and adapted to pass with its wings between the radial ribs ot the drinn during the rotation oi the latter for producing a friction of the medium which Jfriction tends to tnrn the ily in the saine direction as the drinn.` A spiral spring is connected at the inner end with the shaft of the lly and of the indicator and at the outer end with the frame and serves for eounteracting the friction of the medium,

Another improvement consiets in the niaini't'artiire is "facilitated, The hollow drum further connected liv a worin gearing; with an operating sha'l't, which Serverl tor operating the parallel main shafts o two counters.

A further improvement com-ists in a novel trainnnissimi 'trom the operating Shaft to the :laid two main shafts liy moana of a lonlgitudiinilli,F guided reciprm'ating slide with two oppmi e paire of Spring-pressed pawla` eng-1' ring l :in oppoeite aides in two ratchet wheel,Q on the tn o main elialts.

further improvement consists in torming' the radial riha in the hollow drinn 'from a Single piece of sheet metal hy cutting' and liending, the single piece hating the shape ol an annular dialir with radial arms to he fastened on the l'rotloin ot the drinn andfot` lleahaped wings at right angles to the arios. Vllierelrv the manufacture ot the hollow f lrnin with the radial ribs,Y is `greatly tacilitated and cheapened. i

` Alft'urtlur improvement consists in, a plate made Vtrom a `aing'le piece ol' sheet metal hy cutting and liending, which plate i5 adapted to hear on. an inner shoulder aloner the open end ot' a cylindrical caaing and adapted to support the two counters. ln order to obtain a division as regular as posaihle of the .scale for tho intlioatoi,`tlie spiral spring is provided with Several lugs on various points ot' its length and adjustable stops are provided ,tor atrilting and atoppingr the Several lugs one alter the other on the speed to be measured incrcaning, whereby the active length o'l the lSpiral springr is Stepby Step reduced and consequently the tension of the :springr is iu proportion inert-fasted.

(lther improvenients will he hereinafter .eet l'ori'h anni pointed out in the claims.

l will noi proceed to descrihe my invention willi reference to the accompanying drawin in whioh Figure l in a vertical central section through the lapredindicator in a preferred inode l execution on the line (Jl-5D in Fig. Fig. .2 is a horizontal section through the saine on the line .Lv-l in Figa l, Fig. 3 is partly an elevation ol lhesame and partly a Section through the line 'l-ml" in Fig. 2, Fig. il is a horizontal section through the saine on the line G-ll in Fig. i, Fig. 5 isa plan view ot' the `single piece ol sheet metal comprising a dish with radial arms and U-shaped radial rilJeI prior to their hendinff. Fig'. (-3 is; a perspective view ot the .name Apiece ot sheet metal, when loont, llig. T is a View of the reciprocatino' -elide. Fig. S is a perspective .'iew of a wing of the tly prior to its attachment to the na ve, Fie'. l) is a plan i'iew of the spiral spring and ot yaalionary stops, and Figi', 'l0 in a isimilar View of a mcditied spiral Spring;l and ol radial stops fastened ou the Sha'll ol llc lly.

Similar characler-, ot reference reler to siu'iilar parte4 throinghoul the xeral views.

The lranie of the novel inlrument consaisis ot a cylindrical ri'asinp; l and a circular plate lll. The casing' l is open al the top and is closed with the plate lil. nhich is made to hear with its edge on a alnnilJlr-r .2() ol the casing. The hotom olf the cajinff l in provided with a c vliiulrical projiwlion l, into which a cylinder l" ialilleih` that may lie .ecured in any known marmer, l'or example hy intaue` oi two pine or ,nfrews introduced into two opposite holen 1"" in the cylindrical projection lf. `The cylinder ll has in thc middle an inncr-rzinular projecliou li toi-ming; two eluuddeern ahoral and llti below. Two voiiterrace rings le, 1e are inshaft Bcarrying two inner race rings 3n ismounted to turn onv the two outer race rings 3a by means oftwo parallel` series of balls 2, these-parts two ball-bearingsfoir ythe shaft 3. rlfh'e shaft 8 -ls to be driven in vany known manner from any shaft, the speed of which is to be measured.

-ing as lshow'n in Fig. 1.

I 12 may bemade in one,

A cylindrical hollow drum 4 open at the top is rigidly connected with the upper' end ofthe shaft 3 in any known manner, for 4example means of a collar and by rivet- The lower'ballbearing is preferably protected from' dust bymeans of a disk 3b and a loose collar 3c securedin any known manner. The drum 4 is closed with a cover. 4,, into the central opening of which a hollow worin 12 is litted. Of course the cover 4a and the worm if sol preferred..

The circular plate 16 is according to my invention a' single piece of sheet metal so cut. and bent as to form two pairs of parallel shields 17, 17 and 18, 18, a lug 19 and a bridge 20, which latter so much projects downward, that its middle is in proximity of the hollowl worm 12. Preferably the plate 16 is on its periphery rovided with a notch 16a (Fig. 2), in which a correspond ing inner projection of the casing 1 engages, vso as to` prevent the plate from inadvertently turning.

i In the left pair of shields 17, 17 in Figs. 1 and 2 and 'also in the lug 19 the main shaft 26 of a counter is mounted to turn. which counter is described in the specification and illustrated in the drawing at- .tached to my pending` application for a U. S. patentfiled on April 30, 1912 under Serial No. 694,288. Also a rod 43 is fastened in the two shields 17 17 and has loose on it a series of pinions 44, 44, which are adapted to severally mesh with the pins of the several numeral wheels r27. The main shaft 26' carries on one end a long ratchet wheel 28 and is connected at the other end spring 46 andthen turned tion.

Ipulled out ward against the pressure of a. helical for canceling the counter in the manner described in the said application.- In the right pair .of shields 18, 18 in Figs. 1 and 2 the main shaft 26 of a secondcounter is mounted to turn, vwhich is similar to the lirstcounter, except- -ingthat the counter is omitted, so that the second counter counts' continuously.v I do not further as their construclescribe the two counters,

tion is `immaterial to the present invenw shaftl .is mounted in the two shields 18,

with a knob 45, which can beA engages the already mentioned crank pin knob 45. for canceling. the

i l -18 to turn' and carriesl .a worm wheel 13,` which meshes with the worm 12 already mentioned above. On one end the Shaft l'is provided with a crank carrying a crank pin 22. A reciprocating slide 24 (see Fig. 7 is provided for transmitting the motion of the two ratchet wheels 28l and 28 of the two counters in the following` novel manner. The slide 24 is forked at both ends'25, 25 and vhas a lug 23, which is also forked. The two forked ends 25, 25 of the slide 24 shaft 15. to the disk 22' are made to compass the two main shafts v 26 and 26, so .that the slide can recipro cate, it being longitudinally guided by the two main -shafts and prevented from lateral motion by the two shields 17, 18v and the two ratchet wheels 28. 28. The slot in the forked lug 23 is at right angles to the com mon axis of the-slots in the two forked.

ends 25, 25. Into the slot of the lug 23 OO. "-'5 and it willbe understood, that during the rotation of the shaft 15 the slide 24 will be reciprocatedby the crank pin 22. 4The slide 24 carries intermediate its ends two pins 4'6, 46 in theplane of the two main shafts 26, 26. On each pin l46 two oppositely-disposed pawls 29, 29 areinountedrto rock,

and are pressed together by means of a helical spring and are adapted to engage the ratchet wheel 28 or 28" from opposite sides. The upper pawl 29 is shorter than the lower` one and is adapted to feed the ratchet wheel 28, 28 one tooth forward during the inotion of the slide 24 in one direction, while the lower pawl 29 feeds the ratchet wheel i one tooth forward during the motion of the slide in the opposite direction. As the two pairs lof pawls 29, 29.l are disposed in oppo- .site directions to one another (Fig. 3) of vcourse the teeth of the two ratchet wheels 28, 28 require to be oppositely placed.

Owing` to the construction described ofl the plate 16'with the shields 17, 18, the lug 19 and the bridge 20 the mechanism above the hollow drum 4 occupies a coinparatively small space, so that the drum can be made large, which is of special advantage.

"he circular plate 16 is covered with a suitable dial 37 provided with two parallel 115 slot-s or series of windows'38', 38, through which the figures von the numeral wheels 27, 27 can appear one after the other. A springy ring 33 from sheet metal isfitted to tlie inside of 1 and is made to bear on the dial 37.

suitable glass plate 324 is put on the edge ring -33 an 1s of the casing 1 and on the 31 with the' aid pressed by meansv of a ring of a packing ring tightly fitted or otherwise secured to the outside of the casing 1, so that in this manner the plate 16 with the dial 37 issecured.

Vsa

the upper end of the casing the Ilng 31 belngu125 The upper end of the shaft 3 is bored to 130 form a .step-holt,I wherein the step 7 of a small shaft (his made to turn. This shatt. also turns in another hearing S provided in the top ot" the hollow worm lf2. passes upward through a wide aperture 2t in the `bridge Q0 and also through a hole in the plate 1G and in the dial 3T and arries at pthe upper end a snitahle indi `ator itt), tor which a scale (not shown) is provided on the dial 37. The shat't t3 earries within the drinn l a tlv of the following construction: A disk 9 provided with eight radial slits and serving as a nave is 'fastened on the shaft (l and is provided on the upper side with. an annular groore ll. (Fig. t). llightradial wings l0 made -trom sheet metal and tlanged at the inner ends. as shown at Fig. Ft. are inserted with their inner ends in the rradial slits of the disk t), so that. the two fianges ot eaeh wing t() eompas` the narel 9 on both sides. atter whieh the upper ianges of the wings l() are pressed hy means ot a suitable stamp into the groove V1t, wherehi4 the -wings 10 are rigidl) etmneeted with the nare 9. 'the tiy so t'ormed deserihes during the rotation of the. drum Ll a hodj". whit-h oeeupies onliv a part ot the space ot the drum. .\.s the small shaft t', of the tl 9, l0 is turnahle on the one hand in a step-hox provided in the upper end o't` the shaft 3 and on the other hand in the hearing tl in the top ot the worm l2. tht` tty tl. 1t) is proteeted trom the inthienee ot' any vibration ot' the easing 1. spring 1t is fastened with its inner end on the shaft (i ahore the hridge 2t) and is eon neeted at its outer end with the bridge at 41, Flg. l0. The spaee otl the drum lis to he filled with a suitahle medium. in the spiral I present ease with air. and it will he nnder stood. that during the rotation ot the drum l the spiral spring il would prevent the Spring 14.

shaft t3- with the tl t). it) from turning` relatively to the easing l. ln order to prev rent. this. the drum Ll 1s provided with t'our inner radial rihs 5. eeording to my in\ention these toni: rihs 5 are madetrom a pieee o t' sheet metal eut 1n a shape eleart \v shown -at Fig. 5 and provided with holesA` 5a.

atter which the 'tour radial U---'ln1ped arms are hent along the dotted lines shown in lfig. 5, so as to hend upward the t'our rihs 5.' as is illustrated at Fig. (i. 'lhe eross l.so formed is then 'inserted in the drum t and is there t'astened on the hottom hy means 1 ot rivets 5b (Fig. l) in the holes 5*. Then the frietion o't the air produeed hy the pas sage ot the wings lt) ot the ily through the recesses 5, 5" in the` rihs 5 during the rotation ot` the drinn Ll will tend to tarn the tlv through lan angle. the amountot' whieh corresponds to the esistanoe of thespiral Trials `have `shown, that, the division of the scale for; the indicator 4() 'becomes ander these circumstances irregu' lar. the dist'anee hetween any two division lines tor the same ditl'erenee in speed heing greater 'to a larger .speed than `tor a smaller speed. 'lhe reason t'or this irregularity resides in the tart. that the resistanee oft'ered hy the t'rietion otthe air to the passage ot the wings It) ot'V the tlv through the reeesses 5 in the rihs 5 ot' the rotating drn'm -,tinereases as the square ot' the speed or more. while the resistance ot' the spiral spring tl to the torsion increases in the same proportion as the angle ot' torsion or in a similar proportion. ln order to ohviate this ohjeetion l provide the spiral spring t-t on various plat-esl with several lugsl tttt'or example three in Fig. l()` and tasten on the. shat't a .small disk 3G with as man r arms 235'as there are lugs and these arms serre as; stops. Then assuming the shatt t in liig. t() to turn in a direction opposite to that ot the hands of a watch. wherein' the spiral .spring il: is wound on and its tension is ine 'eased. then one ot the arms 35 will strike the innermost lng- 34, since it moves more rapidly around the axis than the lug. so that this arm in taking along with it the innermost lng 3l will praetieally shorten the aetive length of the spiral spring tt h i a pieee extending from the small disk :ttt to the said lng. The .so shortened Spiral spring will heroine less elastie than het'ore and eonsequemtv its tension will inerease so that it. will otter a greater resistanee to the turn otl the fly. \\'hen the speed ot the shat't 1 t'urther inrreases. the next following arm 255 will Estrike and talte along with it the middle lug Ii-t. \\'hereh ot eourse praetiealtv the :it-tire length ot the spiral springl l-lis turther redueed and eonsequentlr its tension Vis further inereased. so that its resistance against the turn ot' the tl is in proportion inereased. When the speed ot the shat't' Il still inereases t'urther.` ot' ronrse the third arm 2&5 will strike andY talte alongwith it the outer lug Ill. \.'hereh the aetire length otE the .spiral spring l-lis redueed to a mini muin and its tension is inereased to a lnaximum. so that owing to the more inereased resistanre ot' the spiral spring the sha't't (t and therewith the indieator -ttl will more through a .smaller angle than it the spiral spring lnlY were let't without lugs Il-l.

The arms 2&5. 35 are made from an elastie material, so that it is possible to heud them hy hand in either direetion and thusl to regulate the resistanee ot' the spiral spring. so that the division ot the seale tor the indieator it() ean in this manner he made unitorm. (lf 'eourse the arms 235, 255 are in spite ot their elastie material suttieiently stift, so as not to yield to the thrust ofthe lugs 3l, 34. The deserhed manner of regulating the tension of the spiral spring 14 may also he irrodfed by' rendering the arms 35, stationary, as is shown atFig. 9.` Three arms 35, 35 (one being shown as straight and the two other as bent) made from a similar elastic material are fastened on the' bridge 2O at 41 and 42 and are made to engage in the path of the lugs 34, 34. The spiral spring 14 is by way of example provided with two sets of three lugs 34', 34 each, of which one becomes' operative for the turn of the shaft 6 with the indicator.

4() in one direction'and the other set for the turn in the opposite direction. lVhen assuming the shaft 6 with the indicator 40 to turn in the direction to t-he left (opposite to that of the hands of a watch), while the speed to be measured increases, then first the upper straight arm 35 in Fig. 9 will strike and stop the outer lug 34 on the right, afterward the lower left bent arm 35 will stop the middle lug 84 and finally the lowerl right arm 235 will stop the inner lug 34, so that in this manner the active length of the spiral spring 14 is successively shortened and consequently its resistance to the turn of the fly and the indicator relatively to the scale on the dial 3T is successively increased. By suitably bending the three arms 35', 35 by hand the resistance of the spiral spring 14 can be again regulated so as to render the division ofthe said scale uniform. When the shaft 3 is set to rotate in the opposite direction andpits speed increases, of course the three arms 35', 35 will strike and stop in the same order the lugs 34', 34 in the other set. In this manner the whole speedindicator is rendered useful for measuring speeds of the rotation in both directions.

The speed-indicator described can be varied in many respects without departing from the spirit of my invention.

I claim:

1. In speed-indicator, the combination with a casing having a dial, of a driving shaft mounted to turn in said casing at right angles to said dial, a closed hollow drum fastened at the, inner end of said driving shaft and provided with inner radial ribs` a. small shaft coaxial with said driving shaft mounted to turn in said hollow drum and extending through said dial, an indicator-on said small shaft, a fly fastened on said small shaft in said hollow drum and adapted to pass between the radial ribs of this drum, and a spiral spring connected at its inner end with said small shaft and at its outer end with said casing, said hollow drum being` adapted to be filled with a medium and said spiralspring being adapted to counteract the friction of said fly in the medium.

2. In a speed-indicator. the combination with a casing' having a dial, of a driving shaft mounted to turn in said casing atI right angles to said dial, a hollow closed drum fastened at the inner end of said driving shaft and provided With an inner Vshaft coaxial f with said driving shaft mounted to turn in said hollow drum relatively thereto and eX- t-ending through said dial, an indicator on said small shaft, a fly fastened on said small shaft in said hollow drum and adapted to pass between the ribs of this drum, a spiral spring connected at its inner end with said small shaft and at its outer end with said casing and provided with several lugs on various places, and adjustable means for 'stopping the several lugs of said spiral spring one after the other on the speed to be measured increasing, whereby the active length of said spiral spring is successively shortened and consequently its vtension is in..- creased, said hollow drum being adapted to be filled with a medium and said spiral spring being adapted to counteract the friction of said fly in the medium.

3. In a speed-indicator of the class described, affly consisting of a naveand several radial (wings, the nave having radial slits for the wings and on one side an annular groove, and the wings being cut from sheet metal and flanged at the inner ends so as to compass the nave on both sidesywhile .sheet metal cut and bent to form an annular central disk with radial arms and U-shaped wingsat right angles to the arms, the cen tral disk with the radial arms being fastened on the inside of the bottom of the drum and the U-'shaped wings forming radial ribs along the bottom, the side wall and the cover of the drum.

5. In a speed-indicator of the class described, the combination with a frame, of a shaft turna-ble in said frame, means tending to turn said shaft in one direction, a-spiral spring connected at the inner end with said shaft and at the outer-end with said frame, lugs on various places of said spiral spring. and arms on vsaid frame engaging in the path of said lugs and adapted to be bent by hand for adjusting the places where said lugs are to be stopped'onc after the other on `the force turning said shaft increasing.

shaft, varies on the spindle adapted to rotate Within the drum, and a pointer operable by the spindle.

8 A speed indicator comprising a frame, :L shaft journaled therein, :i closed hollow drum carried by the shaft, a spindle stepped into the shaft, vaines 0n the spindle that are rotatable Within the drum, a spimi spring secured to the spindle, a plurality of lugs carried by the Spring, stops adapted to be 10 engaged by the lugs, und a pointer operable by the Spindle.

WVALTER SCHURMANN. [L s.] wWitncssess:

HELEN NUiicR, ALBERT Numan. 

